HUMAN GENOME PROJECT (HGP)

                                                                                                                   

Human Genome Project

                                   

                          Genome can be defined as the genetic material contained in an organism. It is a complete set of DNA which includes all of it's genes. Each genome has all the information needed to assemble and retain the organism. In order to have a clear understanding what it genome all about, a Human Genome Project was launched.

                        Human Genome Project was first launched in 1990 through the funding from the United State National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Department of Energy. This Human Genome Project is a project that teachers people to learn about human genome. By learning this human genome, it allows a better understanding on human health as well as gaining benefits from it too. Not only that, this Human Genome Project also allows researchers to gain more knowledge regarding the functions of the genes and the proteins where these knowledge can be used in variety of fields such as in the medical field.

There two major goals of Human Genome Project. The major goals are shown as below:

1) To develop the detailed maps of the genes' location in the human genome and also in the genome of other organisms.

2) To find out what is the sequence of the coded information found in the DNA of different types of genomes and then identifying all the human genes.

                            Other goals of Human Genome project are to store these gained information in databases, to improve the tools used for analysis data and also to deal with ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI) that occur from the project itself.

 

                            

                           Human Genome Project has given a great impact in the economic. One of the great impact is that there is a development in the industry of genomics. This is due to the requirement of equipments and technologies needed in the project of Human Genome. 

                              

                                              Limitation of Human Genome Project

• By determining the DNA sequence contained in the human genome through Human Genome Project, it cannot determine everything about an organism. For an example, it cannot predict it's appearance.

                                             Implications of Human Genome Project

There are many implications of Human Genome Project. The implications are as follows :

(a) Human Diseases

Human Genome Project was used to collect information about the genes that involved in the human diseases. Nowadays, researchers are able to make use of Human Genome Project in finding the gene that is suspected of causing a specific disease.

(b) Genetic Testing

Results from Human Genome Project has lead to the development of genetic tests for inherited human diseases and disorders which allows patients to know what are their risks of developing certain kind of diseases.

(c) Stem Cell Research

Stem cells are unspecialized cells that are capable to develop different types of specialized cells which are able to treat incurable diseases. 

(d) Biomedical Products

Many technologies that uses living cells or biological molecules have been designed since Human Genome Project was completed. These technologies are very important and useful because it helps in treating and also preventing inherited disorders and even certain kind of cancer.

(e) Genetic Modification

Scientists use Human Genome Project to identify the genes and also it's function in order to do genetic modification.

      

                             Human Genome Project is also important in pharmacogentics. Pharmacogenetics is the study of inherited differences that cause variation in drug metabolism and response. Benefit of pharmacogenetics is that it optimize the drug therapy and also it limit the toxicity of drugs according to an individual's genetic make up.

  

                                Hence, Human Genome Project is known to be very useful to researchers especially for future needs.

         

USEFUL WEBSITES FOR PHARMACY

BPFK stands for National Pharmaceutic Bureau Control/ Biro Pengawalan Farmaceutical Kebangsaan.

Introduction

- Formally, known as National Pharmaceutical Control Laboratory.

- set up in October 1978 under quality control activity of pharmacy and supply programme.

- this institution  is to implement quality control on pharmaceutical product.

 

This is one of the best pharmacy websites to be viewed.

Based on this website we can learn more about pharmaceutical product, what are the rules and regulations, can know about the drug adverse effect and more.

Beside all this this institution also provide research methodology to be carry out.

This institution also provide training for pharmaceutical officers and other professional officers.

to know more about this Institution viewers can log in to this website...

http://portal.bpfk.gov.my

 

According our opinion, besides this website, we would like to suggest everyone regarding Board of pharmacy Malaysia pages.

In this website we can know more about pharmacy field, recognize university for pharmacy studies, who can be registered under pharmacy board and more.

In this website we can get more latest information about pharmacy, medicines available in market, what medicine should be in the market and so on.

Moreover, they also provides formularies for drugs.

we also can shoot out our question to them and they answer our doubth.

To know more about this institution can log on to 

http://www.pharmacy.gov.my/v2/ms

This institution was established to implement quality control on pharmaceutical products - See more at: http://portal.bpfk.gov.my/index.cfm?&menuid=4#sthash.FkrXhhNX.dpuf

The National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau (NPCB), formerly known as the National Pharmaceutical Control Laboratory, was set up in October 1978 under the quality control activity of Pharmacy and Supply Programme. This institution was established to implement quality control on pharmaceutical products. The infrastructure and facilities were designed to meet the requirements for testing and quality control activities.
Beginning 1985, NPCB was given the task of ensuring the quality, efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals through the registration and licensing scheme. This is achieved through evaluation of scientific data and laboratory tests on all products before they are marketed. A system to monitor products in the market was set-up. Information on drugs to medical profession and consumer was made available through a drug information service.
The NPCB also handles courses and provides training to personnel from the ASEAN countries, for example from Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Mongolia and Vietnam.
In 1996, NPCB was given an international recognition by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a "WHO Collaborating Centre for Regulatory Control of Pharmaceuticals". This recognition is an acknowledgement from WHO for NPCB's contribution in the field of regulatory affairs.
- See more at: http://portal.bpfk.gov.my/index.cfm?&menuid=4#sthash.FkrXhhNX.dpuf

The National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau (NPCB), formerly known as the National Pharmaceutical Control Laboratory, was set up in October 1978 under the quality control activity of Pharmacy and Supply Programme. This institution was established to implement quality control on pharmaceutical products. The infrastructure and facilities were designed to meet the requirements for testing and quality control activities.
Beginning 1985, NPCB was given the task of ensuring the quality, efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals through the registration and licensing scheme. This is achieved through evaluation of scientific data and laboratory tests on all products before they are marketed. A system to monitor products in the market was set-up. Information on drugs to medical profession and consumer was made available through a drug information service.
The NPCB also handles courses and provides training to personnel from the ASEAN countries, for example from Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Mongolia and Vietnam.
In 1996, NPCB was given an international recognition by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a "WHO Collaborating Centre for Regulatory Control of Pharmaceuticals". This recognition is an acknowledgement from WHO for NPCB's contribution in the field of regulatory affairs.
- See more at: http://portal.bpfk.gov.my/index.cfm?&menuid=4#sthash.FkrXhhNX.dpuf

The National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau (NPCB), formerly known as the National Pharmaceutical Control Laboratory, was set up in October 1978 under the quality control activity of Pharmacy and Supply Programme. This institution was established to implement quality control on pharmaceutical products. The infrastructure and facilities were designed to meet the requirements for testing and quality control activities.
Beginning 1985, NPCB was given the task of ensuring the quality, efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals through the registration and licensing scheme. This is achieved through evaluation of scientific data and laboratory tests on all products before they are marketed. A system to monitor products in the market was set-up. Information on drugs to medical profession and consumer was made available through a drug information service.
The NPCB also handles courses and provides training to personnel from the ASEAN countries, for example from Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Mongolia and Vietnam.
In 1996, NPCB was given an international recognition by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a "WHO Collaborating Centre for Regulatory Control of Pharmaceuticals". This recognition is an acknowledgement from WHO for NPCB's contribution in the field of regulatory affairs.
- See more at: http://portal.bpfk.gov.my/index.cfm?&menuid=4#sthash.FkrXhhNX.dpuf

3D (DIMENSIONAL) PROTEIN STRUCTURES

                          During bioinformatic class, we were able to learn about 3D(dimensional) protein structures. We would like to share about it with you. First, what do you understand about "protein structure" ?. 

                        Protein structure is a biomolecular structure of a protein molecule. These protein structures can be found in various sizes and usually it ranges from ten to several thousand residues. In order to perform it's biologic function, the protein structure will into structure which is reversible. Not only that, to perform it's biologic function, proteins will fold into with one or more than one spatial conformations with bonds which are not covalent bonds.

                           

                       3D (dimensional) protein structures are very useful and precious sources of information. This is because by knowing the structures of protein, we able to to classify the proteins. Proteins can be classified into four main different groups which are primary protein structure, secondary protein structure, tertiary protein structure and quaternary protein structure. 

                              By using this protein structure, we will able to predict the function for uncharacterized proteins . Besides that, we will also be able to identify the shape and domain of the protein structure. If we get to this protein structure, we will be able to learn and know the interactions other protein with other molecule. We even can use these protein structure as an experimental evidence for transmembrane domains. For an example, we can identify the molecules in a chain by using this protein stucture concept based on the colours that we observed.

Colours :

(a) Carbon : light grey

(b) Nitrogen : blue

(c) Oxygen : red

(d) Sulfur : yellow

                               From this, i hope that you have gain alot of knowlegde form the informations we have shared with you. Hope you like it and we will hit you back soon with new topics for you to and enjoyed. Till then see you.

About us

My name is Kaushalya Balachandran and my friends name is Ranya Rajendran. My age is 26 and my friends age is 21. I am from Melaka while my friend Ranya is from Masai Johor Bahru. I have completed Diploma in Pharmacy and Ranya completed her foundation in Science. Now both of us are studying at Management and  Science University Shah Alam, Selangor.
We are doing Bachelor of Pharmacy.We are in the second semester of first year of same class and batch.Here we are staying at Brunsfield apartment just behind our university. We are student of Bioinformatics Class. Bio informatics is thought to us by Mr Ibrahim.Today we are given a task to be complete which is regarding creating a blog. It is really interesting and we going to do it wonderfully.

                               
 Kaushalya                                                                 Ranya